Sigma-Aldrich Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Human (TGF-β1)

General Description
The TGFB1 gene is mapped to human chromosome 19q13.2 and codes for a 25 kDa peptide. TGF-ß1 polypeptide is produced as a precursor with hydrophobic signal sequence, pro-region and mature peptide. Cleavage of the precursor at tetrabasic cleavage site results in monomers of carboxy-terminal 112 amino acids. The biologically active form of Tgfb1 exists as a disulphide-linked homodimer.
Application
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β) human has been used :
to study the expression of PDGFRB (Platelet derived growth factor receptor β) in association with transforming growth factor-β signaling. to stimulate lung fibrosis in human fetal lung fibroblast cell line in order to further measure the in-plane elasticity of live cell layers using a pressure sensor embedded microfluidic device. to study the effect of TGF-β on HTRA1 (high-temperature requirement A1)-affected Wnt target genes.
Biochem/Physiol Actions
TGF-β1 is a multifunctional peptide capable of influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in a wide range of cell types. Transformed as well as non-neoplastic tissues release transforming growth factors and essentially all cells possess a specific TGF-β1 receptor. In general, cells of mesenchymal origin appear to be stimulated by TGF-β1; whereas, hepatocytes, T and B lymphocytes, keratinocytes, and many epithelial cells are inhibited by the peptide. TGF-β1 interacts with Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), and T Cell Growth Factor (T-CGF) either by enhancing or antagonizing their characteristic actions. TGF-β1 plays a fundamental role in tissue growth and differentiation by involvement in adipogenesis, myogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, epithelial cell differentiation, and immune cell function. TGF-β1 is associated with the developmental and metastasis of colorectal cancer.
Physical Form
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 50 mM NaOAc pH 4.5
Analysis Note
The activity was determined by the dose dependent inhibition of IL-4 induced proliferation of mouse HT-2 cells (BALB/c spleen activated by sheep erythrocytes in the presence of IL-2).