Merck Millipore OxyIHC Oxidative Stress Detection Kit S7450 1pc

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been plicated in pathological processes including cancer,apoptosis, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflmatory diseases, puonary diseases, andcardiovascular diseases (for reviews, see ref. 4). Living organis are continually exposed to potentiallyhaful oxygen free radicals that are generated thru noal cellular functions as well as fr enviroentalfactors (1, 7). Yet, these reactiveolecules areitigated by the presence of antioxidants and thereforeorganis exist with a delicate balance between oxidants and antioxidants (9). During tes of oxidativestress there is an balance in favor of the oxidants. The end result of which is that free radicals are able toattack andodify sucellular cponents including nucleic acids, lipids and proteins (7, 112).Proteins are one of theajor targets of reactive species. Oxidation of proteinsodifies the side chains oethionine, histidine, and tyrosine and fos cysteine disulfide bonds (119).etal catalyzed oxidation ofproteins introduces carbonyl groups (aldehydes and ketones) at lysine, arginine, proline or threonineresidues in a sitspecificanner (16, 222). The oxidativeodification of proteins canodulatebiochical characteristics of proteins such as enzatic activity (223), DNA binding activities oftranscription factors (226), and the susceptibility to proteolytic degradation (12, 228). While arelationship between protein oxidation and aging has been suggested (231), little is known about theportance of oxidativeodification of individual proteins in the pathophysiology of free radicalediatedprocesses. Not surprisingly, carbonylodification of proteins has bece a key biarker for theidentification of oxidative stress.